Trigger points are taut areas in a muscle that commonly refer pain to a distant site. For example, trigger points in the masseters or the lateral pterygoid often refer pain to teeth; in several instances, the pain is ONLY present in a tooth or a couple of teeth, giving an impression of a tooth (dental) issue. Similarly, trigger points in pterygoid muscles can cause pain in the ear, and trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid and occipitalis can mimic headaches.

Trigger point injections are commonly used for TMJ disorders and jaw spasms. The injections mainly focus on relieving and reducing muscle pain. 

Depending on the diagnosis and location of the pain, local anesthetics (Lidocaine, Mepivacaine, or Bupivacaine), steroids (Triamcinolone), and Botulinum toxin (Botox, Xeomin, or Dysport) are commonly utilized.

If the pain is due to a chronic TMJ disorder, trigger point injections often have to be repeated at 1-3 month intervals. Like any medicine, trigger point injections can have side effects. Having a detailed understanding of diagnosis and possible complications is key to avoiding side effects and maximizing benefits.